3d diagnosis

3D Diagnosis - 3D-diagnosis - 3-D diagnosis – 3D diagnostic visualisation – 3d medical diagnosis

New technologies have been released for the medical field to help the doctors or specialists to get their images for diagnosis in 3D.

For example Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that uses special x-ray equipment to obtain cross-sectional images of the body.

A CT image normally has different pixel intensity range for tissues such as bones, organs and other tissues. Software like 3D-DOCTOR ® can be used on regular bases to extract information from image files to create a 3D model. So with new technologies models can be made out of the data of Computer Tomography or Magnetic Resonance to a 3D diagnostic medical model that helps to get a better overview. 3D Diagnosis makes not only the work easier, but reduces the number of mistaken diagnosis.

Those new 3D diagnostic technologies can help to give information on many applications.

1 Head MR Image with Brain Tumor 2 Texture-based fully automatic segmentation 3. 3D mesh model of tumor and skin

A diagnostic 3d model can be turned and zoomed through the layers with the option to make layers visible or transparent.

3D diagnostic technologies can be used as well for fetal health and development 3d-diagnosis at prenatal or natal stadium.

For example: prenatal 3d diagnosis

For 3d ultrasound diagnosis examles please visit the website: 3d-us.org
There You will find: 3D ultrasound and multiplanar ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology with 40 MB of movies and images
3D ultrasound and obstetrics: 3D ultrasound and fetal brain (45 images and 10 movies),
3D ultrasound and fetal heart (14 images and 1 movie),
3D ultrasound and 1st trimester (25 images and 10 movies);
3D ultrasound and fetal skeleton (more than 15 images),
3D ultrasound and fetal biometry,
3D ultrasound and urinary apparatus.
3D ultrasound and Gynecology: 3D ultrasound and uterus (24 images and 9 movies),
3D ultrasound and ovary and 3D ultrasound and breast.

Another example: natal 3d diagnosis,
like 3d face scan for diagnosis of genitic syndromes

The general public easily recognises the faces of people with Down's syndrome, but there are over 700 genetic conditions where there are characteristic facial features: the eyes may be set further apart than usual, the nose shorter and the ears set lower down on the head along with many other possible permutations. Clinical geneticists use these face shape differences as important clues in the early stages of diagnosis prior to detailed clinical examination and genetic testing. These facial differences are often hard to detect, especially for less experienced doctors, but now non-invasive 3D photography and novel analysis techniques are set to make the facial recognition easier.
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Professor Peter Hammond from the UCL Institute of Child Health has developed new computer software that compares the faces of undiagnosed children with those with a diagnosed condition that also affects the development of their face, with a 90% success rate. The developed software scans facial features of children, and offer a likely diagnosis from over 700 genetic conditions. His software is pretty accurate in making the diagnosis.It has identified Fragile X faces with an accuracy of 92%; Smith-Magenis syndrome at 91% and Williams syndrome at 98%.

3d face diagnosis

The technique is an important addition to the diagnostic toolbag as some conditions are so rare that a clinician might only see a handful of cases over a career and so may not recognise the characteristic facial features, especially if the child being examined is much younger than previous cases or from a different ethnic background.

Professor Hammond says: 'Delay in diagnosis causes anxiety to parents who need advice on risks to future children. Moreover, delay may defer important medical treatment or behavioural training that could improve the prognosis for affected children.'

The specially written software is based on dense surface modelling techniques developed at UCL and compares the child's face to groups of individuals with known conditions and selects which syndromes look most similar. In order to do this, extensive collections of 3D face images of children and adults with the same genetic condition had to be gathered, as well as controls or individuals with no known genetic condition. Each image contains 25,000 or so points on a face surface capturing even the most subtle contours in 3D. The images are then converted to a compact form that requires only a 100 or so numeric values to represent each face in the subsequent analysis.

Once the software has narrowed down conditions with similar facial features, molecular testing can then be used to confirm the diagnosis. Testing for fewer conditions will save money, time and reduce the amount of stress the child and the parents are put under.

So far the technique has proved fruitful, Professor Hammond says: 'The technique is currently being applied to over 30 conditions with an underlying genetic abnormality. The discriminatory capability of the approach has proven highly accurate in identifying the characteristic facial features of a variety of genetic conditions, including Cornelia de Lange, Fragile X, Noonan, Smith-Magenis and Velocardiofacial syndromes. It has identified unusual facial asymmetry in children with autism spectrum disorder reflecting known brain asymmetry and has helped to identify genes affecting facial development in Williams syndrome.'

For full information go to: pressrelease

Media release from the BA (British Association for the Advancement of Science)
Embargo: 00:01 Monday 10 September 2007

At this time we are programming a 3d diagnosis database website containing interesting lecture for you.
If you have some information about 3d diagnosis/ 3d diagnostic researches, please let us know.
You will find our email at the end of this webpage.

Title: An ophthalmologic diagnostic tool using MR images for biomechanically-based muscle
volume deformation
Authors: M. Buchberger and T. Kaltofen (2003)

Title: Proceedings of Medical Imaging 2003, Image Processing; Milan Sonka, University of Iowa (

USA

);
Authors: J.M.Fitzpatrick, Vanderbilt University (

USA

), San Diego, USA,61-71

Title: Modeling human burn injuries in a 3-dimensional virtual environment
Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 11 Proceedings, 52-58

Authors: J. Dirnberger, M. Giretzlehner, M. Ruhmer, H. Haller and C. Rodemund (2003)

Title: Clinical application of 3D interactive software for planning strabismus surgeries
Transactions of the Xth International Orthoptic Congress, Melbourne,

Australia

Authors: M. Buchberger, T. Kaltofen and S. Priglinger (2004)

Title: BurnCase 3D - Towards a 3-dimensional diagnosis and documentation system for human
burn injuries
Med-E-Tel Conference, Programme and Abstracts,

Luxembourg

, 49-50
Authors: J. Dirnberger, M. Giretzlehner, T. Luckeneder, H.L. Haller and C. Rodemund (2004)

Title: A new quantitative method for the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertensive disorders in 3 dimensions.
In: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 186-193
Autor: E. MARCUS

Title: 3D-Ultrasound probe calibration for computer-guided diagnosis and therapy

Autors: Michael Baumann (TIMC), Vincent Daanen (TIMC), Antoine Leroy (TIMC), Jocelyne Troccaz (TIMC)

Journal reference: Dans Proceedings of CVAMIA'06 - 2nd International workshop on Computer Vision Approaches to Medical Image Analysis - CVAMIA'06, Graz : Autriche (2006)

Abstract: With the emergence of swept-volume ultrasound (

) probes, precise and almost real-time

volume imaging has become available. This offers many new opportunities for computer guided diagnosis and therapy, 3-D images containing significantly more information than 2-D slices. However, computer guidance often requires knowledge about the exact position of US voxels relative to a tracking reference, which can only be achieved through probe calibration. In this paper we present a 3-D

probe calibration system based on a membrane phantom. The calibration matrix is retrieved by detection of a membrane plane in a dozen of US acquisitions of the phantom. Plane detection is robustly performed with the 2-D Hough transformation. The feature extraction process is fully automated, calibration requires about 20 minutes and the calibration system can be used in a clinical context. The precision of the system was evaluated to a root mean square (RMS) distance error of 1.15mm and to an RMS angular error of 0.61 degrees. The point reconstruction accuracy was evaluated to 0.9mm and the angular reconstruction accuracy to 1.79 degrees.

Title: Development of a Real-Time 2D and 3D Echocardiographic Diagnostic System

Authors: Dániel Hillier, Zsolt Czeilinger, András Vobornik, Zsolt Szálka, Gergely Soós, László Kék, Viktor Binzberger, David Lopez Vilarino and Csaba Rekeczky

Abstract: Within the frame of a multi-disciplinary research project (TeleSense), the Analogic and Neural Computing Laboratory of SZTAKI has developed a prototype echocardiographic diagnostic system with telepresence capabilities. The system assists clinical diagnosis through novel three-dimensional reconstruction, display and two-dimensional analysis functionalities. These features significantly improve both the planning process of cardiac surgery and the efficiency of daily cardiac diagnosis.

Title: A New Strategy for the 3D-diagnosis of the Pancreatic and Biliary Diseases using Multi-detector Row CT (MD-CT)-virtual Cholangiography and 3-D Muiti-colangiography

Authors: SATA N(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn) SHIMURA K(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn) KOIZUMI M(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn) TSUKAHARA M(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn) YOSHIZAWA K(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn) KURIHARA K(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn) NAGAI H(Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Jpn)

Journal Title; Journal of the

Japan

Pancreas Society
Journal Code:X0203A
ISSN:0913-0071
VOL.19;NO.3;PAGE.355(2004)
Pub. Country;

Japan

Language;English

Title: A new 3D-diagnosis strategy for duodenal malignant lesions using multi-detector row CT, CT virtual duodenoscopy, duodenography and 3D multi-cholangiography
Zeitschrift: Abdominal Imaging
Verlag Springer New York
ISSN 0942-8925 (Print) 1432-0509 (Online)

Abstract:
Background Recent advances in multi-detector row CT (MD-CT) technology provide new opportunities for clinical diagnoses of various diseases. Here we assessed CT virtual duodenoscopy, duodenography and 3D multi-cholangiography created by MD-CT for clinical diagnosis of duodenal malignant lesions.

Methods The study involved seven cases of peri-duodenal carcinoma (four ampullary carcinomas, two duodenal carcinomas, one pancreatic carcinoma). Biliary contrast medium was administered intravenously, followed by intravenous administration of an anticholinergic agent and oral administration of effervescent granules for expanding the upper gastrointestinal tract. Following intravenous administration of a non-ionic contrast medium, an upper abdominal MD-CT scan was performed in the left lateral position. Scan data were processed on a workstation to create CT virtual duodenoscopy, duodenography, 3D multi-cholangiography and various post-processing images, which were then evaluated for their effectiveness as preoperative diagnostic tools.

Results Carcinoma location and extent were clearly demonstrated as defects or colored low-density areas in 3D multi-cholangiography images, and as protruding lesions in virtual duodenography and duodenoscopy images. These findings were confirmed using multi-planar or curved planar reformation images.

Conclusions CT virtual duodenoscopy, duodenography, 3D multi-cholangiography and various images created by MD-CT alone provided necessary and adequate preoperative diagnostic information.

Keywords CT virtual duodenoscopy - CT virtual duodenograph - 3D multi-cholangiography - Duodenal cancer - Pancreatic cancer - Curved planar reformation

Title: Diagnosis of Vesico-Intestinal Fistulas Using Contrast Enhanced 3D-Ultrasound
Autors: B. G. Volkmer, T. Neßlauer, R. Küfer, M. Löffler, S. Maier, H. W. Gottfried (Urologische Universitätsklinik Ulm)
In: Ultraschall in Med 2001; 22: 81-86

Abstract:
Standard diagnostic tools for vesico-intestinal fistulas are cystoscopy, cystography, colonoscopy, and contrast enema. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of transrectal 3D-ultrasound with contrast media in these patients. Method: From 5/98 to 12/99 we examined 10 patients with symptoms of a vesico-intestinal fistula (pneumaturia, faecaluria). After placement of a transurethral catheter a transabdominal ultrasound examination (Kretz Combison 530) was performed with the bladder half full to evaluate the bladder wall. Then the bladder was filled with diluted ultrasound contrast media (Levovist 40 mg/ml) to visualize the flow from the bladder towards the fistula. To verify a flow through the bladder wall a colour Doppler sonography of the region of interest was added. To evaluate form and extent of the fistula a transrectal ultrasound with 3D-image assessment was performed. Results: Using this technique it was possible to demonstrate a vesico-intestinal fistula in 9 of 10 patients. In all cases these findings were confirmed by the standard diagnostic procedures. The fistulas were caused by: bladder carcinoma (n = 1), carcinoma of the colon (n = 2), Crohn’s disease (n = 3) and diverticulitis of the sigma (n = 3). One patient presented with a neovesico-intestinal fistula in an irradiated local recurrence of bladder carcinoma. In one patient with Crohn’s disease whose only symptom was pneumaturia all diagnostic tools failed to provide the diagnosis. Conclusion: For the first time vesico-intestinal fistulas could be demonstrated by ultrasound with 3D-image assessment using contrast media. This technique might be an effective addition to the standard diagnostics of vesico-intestinal fistulas reducing the exposure to radiation.

"3D-DOCTOR" is a trademark of Able Software Corp.
We thank Y. Ted Wu, Ph.D. for pictures and text.
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